Summary

Case submitted by: Groundwater Technology
Country: The Netherlands
Built-up site?: Yes
Soil type: Mainly sand
Follow-up required?: Groundwater monitoring
Treated contamination: Mineral oil, volatile aromats, including benzene (BTEX)
Medium contamination: Soil / pure product and groundwater
Dimension contamination: 30.000 m3
Remediation goal: 100% load removal
Remediation goal achieved?: No. There is still a grondwater contamination and a soil contamination (higher alkanes) that needs to be observed. This is a historical contamination which was present before the spill. In some parts of the spill, outside the influence of the steam injection, there is still a minor contamination of volatile LCO related products. Because of cost-reducing and technical reasons, steam injection is only used for the most heavily contaminated parts of the location.
Initial and final concentration or load removal: LCO initial load: 4000 kg; final load: 100 kg
Active remediation phase: 01/12/2005 until 18/12/2008
Passive remediation phase:

Case detailed information

General information
Project name: Amsterdam: mineral oil, BTEX ** Case submitted by: Groundwater Technology Contact: Eric de Zeeuw Address: PO Box 12115 3004 GC ROTTERDAM Telephone number: Email-address:
Location
Country: The Netherlands City/region/county: Amsterdam (future) use of location: Industrial Built-up location during the active remediation phase?: Yes
Technique
Explanation technique: Control of the groundwter contamination by pump-and-treat for three years. Three sources were treated by steam injection, combined with high vacuum extraction and soil vapor extraction. This has been carried out in phases (injection from March to May 2007, November / December 2007 and March to July 2008). Also other remediation techniques applied?: No After care needed?: Groundwater monitoring Rationale for the chosen technique: Excavation was not possible because of the circumstances (conatination situated below the central pipeline location of an oil depot). There was limited time available. Because the contamination needed to be removed completely in a short period, steam injection was chosen as the main technique. This technique can quickly remove the cantamination, regardless of initial concentrations (local oil floating layer).
Contamination
Treated contaminant(s): Mineral oil, volatile aromats, including benzene (BTEX) Contaminant phase: Soil / pure product and groundwater Size contamination: 30.000 m3 Depth contamination: 3 m below surface
Soil
Soil type: Mainly sand Saturated/unsaturated zone?: Saturated/unsaturated zone Permeability: > 0,1 m/day Flow velocity or gradient groundwater: 5 m/year
Result, duration, expense
Remediation goal: 100% load removal Remediation goal achieved?: No. There is still a grondwater contamination and a soil contamination (higher alkanes) that needs to be observed. This is a historical contamination which was present before the spill. In some parts of the spill, outside the influence of the steam injection, there is still a minor contamination of volatile LCO related products. Because of cost-reducing and technical reasons, steam injection is only used for the most heavily contaminated parts of the location. Initial and final concentration and load removal: LCO initial load: 4000 kg; final load: 100 kg Active remediation phase: 01/12/2005 until 18/12/2008 Passive remediation phase: Total costs passive/after care phase: Total costs active phase: € 800.000,-
Stakeholders
Problem owner: Contractor: Groundwater Technology B.V. Remediation plan: Groundwater Technology B.V. Remediation research: Competent authority: Provincie Noord-Holland Contact information stake holders:
Additional information
Lessons learned: Steam injection shows the best results with maximum injection. Because the injection was at low depth, the soil cools rapidly at a lower steam injection flow. The volatile componenets were completely removed in a period of about 2 months, but the heavier oil components (C10-C40) were comletely removed after 3 to 6 months. An intensive process management is needed to optimize the process smoothly and quick decisions must be taken. An in situ remediation with the use of steam injection is in fact 10 times faster than without steam injection. Remarks:
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