Case submitted by: BioSoil
Country: The Netherlands
Built-up site?: No
Soil type: Layered soil, clay/peat/sand
Follow-up required?: Yes, after the excavation the in-situ remediation has started
Treated contamination: Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds (CVOC), Mineral oil, Volatile aromats, including benzene (BTEX). The location is a former chemical washery which is heavily contaminated with CVOC. In the surrounding of the location, there is a contamination of mineral oil/BTEX because of oil reservoirs.
Medium contamination: Soil / pure product and groundwater
Dimension contamination: 4780 m3(soil) en 13000 m3 (groundwater)
Remediation goal: Soil and groundwater should reach the Dutch intervention level. For VC, ethyl benzene and xylene there is a divergent remediation level (Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)) based on the potential risk for humans. The MAC level for VC is 4 ug/l, for ethylbenze 77 ug/l and for xylene 54 ug/l.
Remediation goal achieved?: Yes/No. The soil remediation for mineral oil/BTEX and CVOC has succeeded. The CVOC contamination in groundwater exceeds (mainly in the source area) the remediation goal. This is mainly caused by the delayed release out of clay/peat layers that locally possesses pure product.
Initial and final concentration or load removal:
BTEX initial concentration: ? µg/l; final concentration: < 1 µg/l
CVOC initial concentration: 210.000 µg/l;
PER initial concentration: ? µg/l; final concentration: locally > MAC
Active remediation phase: May 1999 until 2007
Passive remediation phase: The passive phase is not yet completed.
Expected realization period: 2007 until unknown
Added reports:
Pilot HIP Amsterdam
Amsterdam (Asterweg): CVOC, BTEX and mineral oil***
Summary
In-situ remediation technique: (Enhanced) natural attenuation, anaerobic, Pump & treat
General information
Project name: Amsterdam (Asterweg): CVOC, BTEX and mineral oil***
Case submitted by: BioSoil
Contact: Mw. C. v.d. Steenhoven
Address: Nijverheidsweg 27
3341 LJ Hendrik Ido Ambacht
Telephone number: +31 (0)78-682 01 40
Email-address: c.vandesteen@biosoil.com
Location
Country: The Netherlands
City/region/county: Amsterdam, Noord-Holland
(future) use of location: office / industrial
Built-up location during the active remediation phase?: No
Technique
In situ saneringstechniek: (Enhanced) natural attenuation, anaerobic, Pump & treat
Explanation technique:
Also other remediation techniques applied?: Yes, 3 oil tanks and sewage disposal are removed, and excavation of contaminated soil up to the groundwater level
After care needed?: Yes, after the excavation the in-situ remediation has started
Rationale for the chosen technique: The goal was the removal of humane and spread risks. In the first phase the direct contact options with the contamination are removed through the removal of oil tanks and the excavation of contaminated soil (above intervention values). Given the nature and distribution of the contaminants (up to 30 m below surface), the second phase of the groundwater treatment up to 30 m below surface is treated with the use of stimulated anaerobic biological degradation of CVOC. There has also been an extraction of groundwater and above ground treatment water for mineral oil / BTEX contaminated water.
Contamination
Treated contaminant(s): Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds (CVOC), Mineral oil, Volatile aromats, including benzene (BTEX). The location is a former chemical washery which is heavily contaminated with CVOC. In the surrounding of the location, there is a contamination of mineral oil/BTEX because of oil reservoirs.
Contaminant phase: Soil / pure product and groundwater
Size contamination: 4780 m3(soil) en 13000 m3 (groundwater)
Depth contamination: 30 m below surface
Soil
Soil type: Layered soil, clay/peat/sand
Saturated/unsaturated zone?: Saturated and unsaturated zone
Permeability:
Flow velocity or gradient groundwater:
Result, duration, expense
Remediation goal: Soil and groundwater should reach the Dutch intervention level. For VC, ethyl benzene and xylene there is a divergent remediation level (Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC)) based on the potential risk for humans. The MAC level for VC is 4 ug/l, for ethylbenze 77 ug/l and for xylene 54 ug/l.
Remediation goal achieved?: Yes/No. The soil remediation for mineral oil/BTEX and CVOC has succeeded. The CVOC contamination in groundwater exceeds (mainly in the source area) the remediation goal. This is mainly caused by the delayed release out of clay/peat layers that locally possesses pure product.
Initial and final concentration and load removal:
BTEX initial concentration: ? µg/l; final concentration: < 1 µg/l
CVOC initial concentration: 210.000 µg/l;
PER initial concentration: ? µg/l; final concentration: locally > MAC
Active remediation phase: May 1999 until 2007
Passive remediation phase: The passive phase is not yet completed.
Expected realization period: 2007 until unknown
Total costs passive/after care phase:
Total costs active phase:
Stakeholders
Problem owner:
Contractor: BioSoil
Remediation plan: BioSoil
Remediation research: IWACO
Competent authority: Milieudienst Amsterdam
Contact information stake holders:
Additional information
Lessons learned: First, during the construction of the in-situ system it became clear that the extent of contamination was much larger than expected. Also the subsequent delivery of particularly poorly permeable clay / peat layers appeared to be so high that the remediation goal could not be achieved in all wells. TNO concluded there was no stabile final situation. Locally, the subsequent delivery was larger than the biological degradation, as became evident in rising concentrations after the injection of the electron donor had stopped in 2007.
Remarks:
Related techniques and HIP-pilots
Related techniques: (Enhanced) natural attenuation, anaerobic, Pump & treat
Related HIP-pilots: HIP-pilot Assessing stable end situation CVOC 1, HIP-pilot Assessing stable end situation CVOC 2, HIP-pilot Direct push shock load protamylasse – radius of influence and effect substrate, HIP-pilot Field comparison 2 substrates for anaerobic degradation CVOC, HIP-pilot Specific monitoring biological degradation